HEAT STRESS IN FIREFIGHTING

Firefighters are exposed to a variety of stressors at a fire. These include heavy work over relatively short time spans, dense smoke, noxious gases, flames, intensely heated atmospheres, and having to wear heavy, restrictive protective clothing. In comfortable or warm climates, heat illness is a serious problem.

FIRE LOSS MANAGEMENT

A major concern in the area of fire protection is vertical extension of fire through stairways. Often stairway doors are chocked open with wooden wedges to avoid the inconvenience of having to open and close them. These wedges often are called “four-hour fusible links.” Sometimes they are necessary to balance the air conditioning system.

SODIUM CHLORATE

Sodium chlorate is an oxidizing, toxic, slightly irritating, corrosive, reactive, pale yellow-to-white crystalline, odorless solid. It is a popular oxidizing agent used to make explosives, defoliants, flares, herbicides, matches, and pyrotechnics. It is also used to process ore and tan leather and in the manufacture of cosmetics, dyes, inks, paper, pharmaceuticals, and many other chemicals.

TRAINING DIVERS FOR MINIMAL OR ZERO VISIBILITY

Rescue divers often operate in minimal visibility—one to two feet at best—or in zero visibility. Operating in zero visibility is similar to searching a smoke-filled room for a small child in a fully involved situation. The main difference is that the bottom of a lake, river, or pond is not quite as familiar to the diver as the walls, doors, and furniture are to the firefighter.
TRAINING AIDS

TRAINING AIDS

FIRE AND ARSON INVESTIGATORS' FIELD INDEX DIRECTORY is available free from the U.S. Fire Administration. The 165-page directory lists organizations in investigative resources, commercial and residential construction, vehicle manufacturing, explosives and firearms, equipment and operations, medical science, appliances, and more.
TRUCK SIZE-UP, CONTINUED

TRUCK SIZE-UP, CONTINUED

Last month we began to discuss the thought process—size-up—that must be in place for those firefighters performing extinguishing support functions —truck work. Those responsibilities, we said, are everything other than stretching and operating hoselines.

RESTRICTION DEVICES ON ELEVATOR CAR DOORS

Often as a last resort, firefighters have found it necessary to force entry into stalled elevator cabs from an elevator landing. Quick removal of occupants from the car becomes a necessity when someone is seriously ill or injured. Elevator repair personnel may not be on hand to assist the fire department in removing the trapped people. A recent code change to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Standard A 17.1, 1989, has made forcible entry into elevator cars slightly more difficult.